In a modern city apartment, which mainly performs the function of isolation of a person from the external environment, parts of the building connecting a person with the environment – a window, a loggia, access to the site are preserved and developed.
These elements over time are improved under the influence of social factors and technological progress, and the study of this process is one of the prerequisites for forecasting.
Window in the Russian village in XIX in. From the scalp at first it became lifting, and then shed, its dimensions increased 1.5 times. In cities of the XIX -XX centuries. multi -storey profitable houses appeared, the sizes of windows in which often corresponded to now adopted. The placement of central heating devices under the window greatly improved the microclimate of the co -stroke zone, excluded the freezing of the glasses; Replacing the removable (for the summer season) RAM for opening wings facilitated the operation of windows, cleaning them. From the west came the fashion of glass walls. Denying the fiberglass as a harmful trend that does not correspond to our continental climate, Soviet experts nevertheless always defended the windows of sufficient sizes. The actual natural illumination of the mass dwelling in the USSR is one of the quality indicators, which is already quite consistent today, or is close to the hygienic optimum. A fairly large window is a good overview and insolation of the dwelling. It should also be noted the advantages of apartments with windows on two sides, on two facades (the best insolation, active ventilation, positive emotional and psychological significance of disclosure on both sides).
The prequortion open room – balcony, loggia, and partly glazed veranda – the next step from the modern city apartment to nature – a transitional zone that contributes to a more complete perception of the surrounding landscape, a zone, where the angle of viewing of the external space is several times more than through the window than through the window. Hygienic science highly appreciates open rooms as places for the stay of children and adults in favorable weather in the sun and fresh air.