The masonry solution is used to build walls of brick and large blocks. It is usually called construction. Although the finishing solution is directly related to construction, but the masonry of the walls is more precisely associated with the construction.
The binding substance in the panting solutions can be cement, lime, gypsum, or, obtained by firing gypsum, waterless binders – anhydritic. Иногда в определённых целях (для экономии, например), используют цементно-гипсовые или цементно-глиняные вяжущие смеси. To determine the parts of each component, their weights (or volumes) per 1 m3 of the mixture or indicate the proportion, for example, 1: 3 means that 3 parts of the sand are necessary for one part of the cement (weight or volumetric), and designation 1: 0.3 : 4 determines the amount of, respectively, cement, clay, sand.
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Filler, that is, sand must also meet certain requirements. For laying brick, its size should not exceed 2.5 mm, and to fill the joints of reinforced concrete structures, the size of the sand should not exceed 5 mm.
The main quality of the solution after its hardening is the strength, that is, the ability to withstand compressive loads and frost resistance. But for the mason, a very important quality is the convenience of working in the masonry process, and, consequently, the cost of energy. For the mason, it is important that the solution when applying to the surface is in a dough state for as long as possible, that is, so that the sand does not quickly separate from the water, and it does not spread on the surface. It directly depends on the amount of the water in the solution. The amount of water is also usually indicated in the form of the ratio of part of the astringent component of the mixture to the water. Only in this case, the weight (or volume) of the total mixture of the astringent, for example, cement + lime is taken per unit.